Team Dentistry v. One-Man Show
There is a troubling trend backward in dentistry today
driven by company-owned practices, localized competition in and around popular
cities and even advances in technology that may prove to be very detrimental to
specialized dental care in the United States, especially in larger urban areas
and cities. To better understand this trend
and the problems it brings we must review the past going back to the beginning
of the Specialties of Dentistry. I will
focus on Orthodontics however this is equally a problem with Oral Surgery, Periodontics
(gum surgery), Prosthodontics and even Pedodontics.
The modern practice of dentistry began as an all-encompassing
field which included oral health, oral hygiene, restorative dentistry, surgery
and replacement of missing teeth. Even
as recently as the 1930’s, it was commonly accepted that teeth would be lost throughout
life until partials or full dentures were used to replace these missing teeth. Gradually medicine improved, Fluoride was introduced
into public water drastically reducing decay and materials were developed that
could withstand the oral environment so that restorations/fillings could save
teeth much longer. Oral health became better understood (via microbiology and
immunology) to the point that supporting tissues could be maintained better
leaving solid and healthy gums longer and allowing successful treatment and
resolution of inflamed, infected and diseased tissues. This eventually led to dentists that could
focus on more specific problems, problems that were less common and/or more
severe or issues that could not be treated as well in a General Dental practice. These dentists learned how to treat the more
severe oral maladies as they developed specialized procedures and equipment
based on research and experience, and they ultimately began teaching their
methods and passing on their experience to individuals through preceptorships
as mentors.
Eventually several “specialties”
emerged, some for gum treatment/surgery/grafts, some for removal of 3rd
molars and difficult extractions, some for performing root canals and others
for mastering very difficult restorative cases/full mouth reconstruction.
In this evolution and progression in dentistry, there was a
growing group of “specialists” that were mastering movement of teeth to correct
severe rotations (which held more plaque and were ultimately lost at a higher
rate than straighter teeth). These early
specialists also saw the obvious improvements in esthetics by having straight
teeth. Unfortunately it was inherently
difficult to move teeth; appliances had to be made custom for each patient,
practitioners had to learn the physics of moving teeth in all three dimensions
while maintaining the position of other teeth, wires and springs had to be made
from different metals to conform to the dental arches and slowly put pressure
in teeth, and spaces had to be created to correct more severe crowding or mask
skeletal discrepancies. In short, the
practice of Orthodontics took specialized knowledge, education, equipment and
skills not learned by General Dentists. This
is the reason that the very first organized Specialty in Dentistry was
established for the practice of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics in
1929.
Other fields followed and soon there were Specialties for
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Endodontics (root canal dentist), Periodontics
(gum surgeon), Prosthodontics (reconstructive dentist) and Pedodontics
(children dentist). Over the last 60
years, these fields dropped the preceptorships and required multiple years of
additional accredited specialty school after dental school.
So where is the
problem you ask? How could we
actually go backward? The answer is that
we have learned how to prevent many of the issues General Dentists
traditionally treated in the past: Fluoride was introduced (first in Grand
Rapids, Michigan) in 1945 which reduced the amount of decay in the population, Orthodontically
straightened teeth were being kept longer and oral diseases could be
cured/controlled/maintained while restorations could be placed in better
position than ever before. With this
public enlightenment, General Dentists in competitive areas did not have the
same volume of restorative work to pay their bills with simple fillings and
cleanings. And although more expensive cosmetic
restorations and elective procedures fill some of the gap currently, many dentists
have also started performing traditionally viewed specialty procedures after
taking simple weekend courses on the basics to fill their schedules. I would liken it to never taking the class
but working exclusively off the Cliff notes.
So, are all General
Dentists that take teeth out, see children or provide limited orthodontics bad
for the patient? Of course not;
specialists rely on their General Dentist partners to care for the easier cases
or to provide the simple straight-forward procedures.
“specialists rely on their General
Dentist partners to care of the easier cases or the simple straight-forward procedures”
Can kids be treated at
a General Dental office? Of course
if the child is not apprehensive and the dentist is trained in pediatric
procedures (also there may be no children’s dentist nearby) however children’s
teeth are treated differently and a Pedodontist office is geared specifically toward
the comfort of children; Pedodontists have advanced training in primary dentitions,
early development, children’s sedation and child psychology so many kids are
more comfortable at the children’s dentist office and they may receive better
care overall.
Same with removal of teeth; not every extraction requires an
Oral Surgeon but where a General Dentist may struggle to remove a difficult tooth
(wisdom teeth/impactions/fractured roots) an Oral Surgeon will likely remove
the offending tooth/teeth under sedation in a more timely manner and with less
damage to the surrounding tissues making healing easier.
“Although [General Dentists] may
claim years of experience [referring to providing Orthodontics], it very well
could be (and likely is to some degree) just repetition of the same mistakes
over and over.”
The real problem is that General Dentists not specialty
trained don’t actually realize when a case may be difficult (in most cases they
don’t have the same radiographic imaging or records to even diagnose a case);
it is the lack of experience and lack of specialized education that leads to
many misdiagnoses and poor outcomes/relapse of teeth/compromised healing/bad
experiences. It is simply hard to know
when there is a potential problem if you do not have the education, the proper
records or sufficient experience to identify the problem and General Dentists
do not keep up with specific literature and research for individual specialties
such as Orthodontics. Many times, the
General Dentist may leave screening to the even less trained Hygienist and
early problems never get referred to specialists until it is too late. These General Dentists that try to offer
every procedure (especially Orthodontics) rarely refer a case out to any
specialist which can lead to significant future problems due to poorly timed
treatment, missed malocclusions, unidentified growth dysplasia and even loss of
teeth from a lack of understanding of procedures/ physiology/ physics. Although they may claim years of experience
in some specialized procedure such as Orthodontics, it very well could be (and
likely is to some degree) just repetition of the same mistakes over and
over. There is ultimately a good reason
specialty training takes two to three years additional after dental school and
after treating up to 100 cases under the guidance of Board Certified Orthodontists
from start to finish.
“It is simply hard to know when
there is a potential problem if you do not have the education or experience to
identify the problem.”
So if you notice your dentist is trying to offer every
treatment under the sun with no discussion of referral for things like orthodontics,
removal of impacted teeth/wisdom teeth, or referral of children to a local
children’s dentist then you may remember the old adage, “Jack of all trades, Master
of none” and consider checking around for a General Dentist that works with a
team of specialists and is going to send you to the best doctor when you need
specialized treatment instead of providing his/her own limited care based on
limited knowledge and even more limited self-guided “experience”.
So if you notice your dentist is
trying to offer every treatment under the sun … you may remember the old adage,
“Jack of all trades, Master of none”
Don’t wait for a
referral from a dentist for something that they are not trained to identify as an
early problem. The American Association
of Orthodontists and the American Dental Association recommend every child see
an accredited Orthodontist by age 7.
Every child can be seen directly with a Pedodontist or Orthodontist without
referral from a General Dentist. Care of
your children is best direct with those that are the experts; only they will be
able to identify problems early.
The American Association of
Orthodontists and the American Dental Association recommend every child see an
accredited Orthodontist by age 7
Look for a General Dentist that works with a team of
specialists that in your best interests, not the interests of trying to collect
for every procedure you may need; after all, whose interests are being served
if you and your family are not directed to the best option for specialized treatment? This may take a little asking around in
cities but the search will be well worth it in the end and the results will
last a lifetime!
If you have questions or comments concerning this or any
orthodontic question, please feel free to make a complimentary new-patient
appointment at either my Steiner Ranch location or my North-central Austin
location on West 35th street and MoPac.
Dr. James R. Waters is
a 1996 graduate from UTHSC Dental School in San Antonio, 1997 graduate of
Advanced Dentistry from the UNMC in Nebraska and the 2001 Valedictorian
graduate from the prestigious Saint Louis University Orthodontic Program
receiving the J.P. Marshall award for clinical excellence in 2001. He holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Science,
Doctorate in Dental Surgery, a post-doctorate certificate in Advanced Dentistry,
post-doctorate Degree in Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics and a
Master of Science Degree in Orthodontics and is a Diplomate of the American
Board of Orthodontics. Dr. Waters and
his wife of 20 years live in Austin, TX with their 4 children where he has a
thriving, multi-faceted Specialist practice with locations in Steiner Ranch and
North-Central Austin. You can learn more
about Dr. Waters at BracesAustin.com.